Yes, it can remove enamel, though it might not in the time it would take to remove tape residue.
Also, keep it away from clear styrene. It seems to have the weird property of "soaking into" plastic and making it brittle. The slightest pressure or torque will induce permanent stress cracks in the clear styrene, and can even make it crumble like a cookie. I've had it happen. (The plastic seems to be okay again after it's dried out for several days, though, but of course any induced stress cracks will remain.)
I use lighter fluid for an airbrush paint thinner for enamels sometimes, as it has some properties that I like. But I keep it away from bare styrene these days.